In this paper, we present a new secrecy-enhancing scheme for the spatial OIl modulation (SM) system, by considering imperfect channel state information (CSI).In the proposed scheme, two antennas are activated at the same time.One of the activated antennas transmits information symbols along with artificial noise (AN) optimized under the imperfect C
Climate change in recent decades has been identified as a significant threat to natural environments and human wellbeing.This is because some of the contemporary changes to climate are abrupt and result in persistent changes in the state of natural systems; Nail clippers so called regime shifts (RS).This study aimed to detect and analyse the timing
Fusarium root and crown rot is a very important complex disease of small grain cereals worldwide which may lead to very high yield losses.Traditional virulence assays Nail clippers are time consuming and often require plants to be grown in greenhouses or climatic chambers in soil.We describe a rapid laboratory assay for assessing such a disease in
DNA based methods have been widely used to study the complexity of the rumen microbiota, and it is well known that the method of DNA extraction is a critical step in enabling accurate assessment of this complexity.Rumen fluid (RF) and fibrous content (FC) fractions differ substantially in terms of their physical nature and associated microorganisms
The designer may take a general direction in his design which emphasizes the customs of his country or a model that expresses its own culture, which contributes greatly to the preservation of the cultural and folklore of the people as well as to its dissemination throughout the world, especially in light of the popularity received by these heritage